Which amendment protects against self-incrimination and guarantees due process?

The 5th Amendment is fundamental in protecting individuals in legal proceedings, specifically through its provision against self-incrimination. This means that a person cannot be compelled to testify against themselves, which upholds the right of individuals to maintain silence and not provide potentially damaging evidence.

Additionally, the 5th Amendment guarantees due process, ensuring that individuals are afforded fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as it pertains to life, liberty, and property. This dual protection is vital in maintaining the integrity of the legal system and guards against arbitrary deprivation of rights.

In contrast, the other amendments listed serve different purposes. The 4th Amendment relates to protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, the 6th Amendment ensures the right to a fair trial and legal counsel, and the 8th Amendment addresses issues of excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishments. Each of these amendments focuses on distinct rights within the legal framework, but it is the 5th Amendment that specifically covers self-incrimination and due process.